“What do you think of the world?”

AHS History Department Tackles American Politics

Eva Liss

EXECUTIVE EDITOR

As the 2024 presidential election hovered in everyone’s minds, the Andover History Department continuously tackled difficult topics, hoping to improve students’ abilities to think critically about their world. 

During election years, courses such as World History, US History, and Democracy & Media Literacy face a unique challenge to teach students thoughtfully and neutrally. To face this challenge, teachers like Mary Robb and Brendan Gibson use homegrown frameworks and supervised discussion to encourage students, especially voting-age seniors, to become involved and informed decision-makers. The Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education (DESE) also sets guidelines for what can and cannot be taught at the high school level. 

A major aspect of political awareness within history classes is active engagement with the current political environment. Democracy & Media Literacy, a course unique to AHS, aims to instruct students in being critical thinkers and decision-makers. Students in the class have regular news reviews, in which they research a current event from multiple news sources across the political spectrum and analyze how the differences found affect outlook on the event. 

Robb, who teaches multiple sections of Democracy & Media Literacy, said she believes the course is crucial to students’ development as active consumers of media, especially when it deals with political freedom. “One of the key skills our students sharpen [in this class] is their ability to recognize bias,” she said. “[They] then say ‘okay, now, what are the facts in this story?’ and [draw] their own conclusions.”

This is similar to strategies found in Gibson’s ninth- and tenth-grade World History classes, where students choose their own current events stories every 8-day cycle and prepare for class discussions on the topic. 

Gibson’s World History sections deal with both chosen current events and more complicated or controversial topics, such as gun violence, abortion, or the vice presidential debates. Gibson said he has not observed much controversy between students, and he believes students are naturally respectful of each other’s opinions. 

“I think students are still trying to learn about these issues by and large… If ever there is a contentious topic, I try to keep things as rooted in fact as possible,” Gibson said of the discussions he’s observed. 

Anna Bacchi, a senior in Democracy & Media Literacy, expressed a similar opinion. “I think we’ve all been very good so far at not getting straight-up angry at each other and what we’re seeing,” she said. “We usually try to express our ideas as our own and are able to disagree without yelling.”

“We focus more on policy than personality,” Gibson said when interviewed prior to the election.  “We [looked] at polling data from the seven main swing states [each cycle]… Polling is not a perfect science, but… it’s interesting to keep a [finger] on the pulse of these states which… largely [determined] the [election’s] outcome.”

Students in Democracy & Media Literacy also use the widespread media coverage of the presidential election. They explore political patterns found in the modern world through both research and class discussions. 

Assignments consisted of watching the presidential and vice-presidential debates, as well as taking notes on documentaries about the candidates. The framework students were provided for note-taking, created by history teacher Kathryn Reusch, goes deeper than simply observations. In it, students are asked to record policies the candidates discussed and their behavior: evasion of questions, criticism or insults, and whether their words were fact-checked and proven false. 

“I think [they have] really highlighted how separated our country is politically in comparison to previous generations,” Bacchi said on class discussions and analysis assignments. “I don’t think [they’ve] changed many of my political beliefs, but [they’ve] made me very conscious of how I talk about my opinions and ideas.”

Ultimately, history classes at AHS do not seek to convince students one way or the other. Instead, they are there to prepare students to engage thoughtfully with the world around them, especially as they grow up into a fraught political climate. 

“[Students should] be healthy skeptics [and] consciously thinking about what they know,” said Robb. “The goal is for them to know as much as they can about candidates [and] ballot questions so… they can take all that information and [decide] what they need and want from their government.”

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A Numbness We Can’t Afford
  • May 7, 2026

ANYA GOROVITS || OPINIONS EDITOR

In the 365 days of 2025, the U.S. saw 407 mass shootings.These shootings were part of a broader gun violence crisis that caused tens of thousands of deaths across the country, including 226 children and 1,038 teens killed in mass shootings alone, according to the Gun Violence Archive’s official 2025 report.

Most Americans are aware of this stark reality: they’ve watched these numbers rise each year for decades. They watch countless shootings shown hurriedly on the news before returning to their daily lives. In school, students briefly discuss the latest tragedy in their history class before returning to the standard curriculum. Legislators put out quick statements before quickly moving on.

“[Mass shootings] have become a symbol of American culture and American freedom,” said sophomore Ari Friedman. Indeed, they’ve become almost synonymous with America’s identity, present in our history since the 1966 University of Texas Tower Shooting. On the World Population Review’s mass shooting map, most countries report 0–10 mass shootings from 2000–2022. The U.S. reports 109.

A pivotal moment for modern school shooting conversation was the Columbine shooting of 1999, during which two students killed 12 classmates and a teacher. The event fundamentally reshaped how schools, law enforcement, and the public regarded gun violence.

“When Columbine occurred, that was a time that really changed the national consciousness,” said AHS Principal Jimmy D’Andrea. Then came Sandy Hook in 2012, a shooting at a Connecticut elementary school that killed 20 first graders and 6 staff members. Rather than a turning point toward action, this shooting marked a new stage: acceptance. News of recent shootings no longer came as a surprise, and such stories quickly stopped making headlines.

Today, school-age students all around America have become used to yearly ALICE drills. 

“The fact we even have to do these drills is dystopian, but I’ve usually just gone with it. It’s a fact of life,” said sophomore Ari Friedman.

School shootings should never be a fact of life.

“You can’t allow it to numb you, because that’s how things that aren’t normal become normal,” said junior Grace Arnold. Yet that is exactly what has happened. This country has watched children be killed in their classrooms, again and again, and decided that the right to own a gun matters more than the right of a child to survive the school day.

Though communities advocate for “policy not prayers” after each major shooting, nothing ever seems to reach Congress. Around 90 percent of Americans support universal background checks, yet they haven’t been passed, killed by political opposition funded by gun industry lobbying. 

“Profits matter more than people in America,” said AHS history teacher Fred Hopkins. He described how the Second Amendment’s true purpose has become severely distorted. Originally written to enable collective militia defense in a newfound country with limited defense capabilities, the amendment is now interpreted as the right of every American to own murderous weapons. 

Beyond gun legislation, school shootings are driven by a crisis in mental health and an American culture that seems to value silence over support.

Today, America’s emphasis on individualism has created an outlet for violence. AHS junior Tyler Bates expressed that this individualism discourages struggling students from asking for help, leading to their desire for violent expression.

“If people are still angry, this anger and aggressiveness will come out one way or another,” said AHS French teacher Olga Kostousova, who believes that gun restriction laws are very necessary, but they work only if we also address the deeper cause of violence.

Ending this crisis requires both stronger gun legislation and a cultural reckoning around mental health. It requires universal background checks, and real investment in mental health resources at the community level. It requires a culture that stops making shooters famous and starts recognizing people in crisis before it’s too late.

Most of all, it requires refusing to be numb. Many people today feel that there is not much that can be done on a legislative level to achieve peace for American children. They feel that just taking this horror as “a fact of life” is better and simpler than fighting for change. They believe that ordinary people have no voice and no ability to change this cynical symbol of America. Yet it is this belief that limits our ability to stand up for the lives of American children.

“I absolutely have hope that change is possible. But people kind of have to wake up and choose to be affected by it,” said Arnold.

In 2018, survivors of the shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida, organized a national walkout that drew hundreds of thousands of participants. The pressure was enough to push Florida to pass its first significant gun restriction legislation in decades. So ordinary people, students especially, do have power. When enough people speak up, change does occur. But when we remain numb, we refuse change, and we let our schools remain war zones.

Four hundred seven mass shootings in one year. Two hundred twenty seven dead children. 

These are not statistics to scroll past. They are a demand, one that has gone unanswered because too many people have decided to stop asking for change. America, and Americans, have the power to choose differently. The true question is whether we will, before another classroom becomes a tragedy we forget by next week.

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Bubble, Bubble, Toil, Trouble: Failures of Scantron tests
  • May 7, 2026

ADVIKA SINGH ll STAFF WRITER

Are Scantrons a lifesaver or mistake? At Andover High School, the jury is still out. Many favor the quick results, while others say a few filled-in circles doesn’t show what a student really knows. As we keep bubbling in answers, one big question remains: Are we choosing easy grading over critical thinking?

Let’s be realistic: teachers are human. They need sleep and aren’t trying to decipher every student’s chicken-scratch handwriting. For those managing classes the size of a small village, Scantrons aren’t just a tool but a life raft.

“When you have large classes taking large, multiple choice tests, Scantrons can help speed up the grading,” forensics teacher Cole Hauser noted. He suggested the efficiency of the exam benefited both students and teachers: “There’s a quick turnaround on feedback for the assessment. Students are able to see how they did almost right away which can be helpful, especially for students who feel a lot of post-test anxiety.”

In contrast, English teacher Jennifer Percival chooses to skip the bubbles entirely, believing English should focus more on skill development. “I suppose if I gave Scantron tests, feedback would be faster, but I also think … it would be difficult for me to ‘see’ a student’s thinking,” said Percival. “Unless part of the assessment required students to defend their answers, I wouldn’t be able to see the thought process.” 

Furthermore, I believe using Scantrons for subjects such as English and math is unreasonable. English relies on subjectivity and the ability to defend an opinion, none of which is captured by filling in a bubble. Similarly, in math, the process of solving problems is often more important than the answer. When we use Scantrons, we shift focus from critical thinking to luck and accuracy. Education should be focused on our ability to demonstrate intellectual growth and the ‘why’ behind answers, and not centered on a score spit out from a machine.

The subject a teacher instructs often determines the practicality of Scantrons. While many educators appreciate the efficiency they bring to subjects requiring memorization, like science or social studies, freshman Maria Barsegov believes some classes are a better fit for the technology than others. “It’s okay to use Scantrons for social studies because there isn’t solving or thinking, but that it’s unfair to use for math or English,” she observed. In her view, subjects that involve showing work should allow students to demonstrate their abilities.

The student body at AHS is just as split as teachers. While teachers focus on “feedback” and “efficiency” students are more concerned about how the format affects their actual grades. The biggest complaint among students is the lack of partial credit. On a Scantron, you are either 100 percent right or 100 percent wrong.

As a student, I’m familiar with Scantron exams, and to put it bluntly, I detest them. While I empathize with teachers who are tempted by prospects of a lighter workload, these benefits are outweighed by academic costs for students. For struggling students, partial credit is often the line between a C and a D+ or a C+ and a B, and losing that opportunity greatly alters your overall grade.

Junior Adelelaide Buzay found Scantrons stressful. “Scantron tests are efficient but don’t allow room for mistakes. I find them confusing,” she stated. This sentiment is common among students who believe Scantrons to be unfair. An anonymous freshman shared a story about a teacher reliant on Scantron exams: “I have a teacher who gives no partial credit and only does multiple choice and … her tests only have a few questions which makes it harder.” When a test only has ten to twenty questions, each bubble carries a massive weight. Without room for partial credit, students are left distressed.

Despite concerns of fairness and partial credit, the siren song of Scantrons still calls to many. For some, the stress of waiting weeks for a teacher to grade something is more dreadful than the grade itself. Freshman Bhavika Sharma stated, “ I like Scantron exams because the results return quickly.” In a high-pressure environment, this nearly-instant feedback allows students to see their mistakes without the anxiety of a long wait.

It’s ironic for students to be told to think outside the box, when only being rewarded for filling it in. It’s better if a teacher is reading your work because the machine can only see lead marks on a paper, and not the person holding the pencil. A Scantron can’t see the logic, effort, or the ‘almosts’ defining how people actually learn. We’ve built a culture that values convenience over students’ abilities. By handing grades over to a machine, we aren’t just losing partial credit but the most important part of education: growth.

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